Which test design technique is classified as a structure-based (white box) technique?

The classification of test design techniques into structure-based (white box) and behavior-based (black box) categories is essential in understanding how to design effective tests based on the underlying code and structure of the software.

Statement testing is a structure-based technique that focuses on ensuring that each executable statement in the code is tested at least once. This technique directly relates to the application’s internal structure, and it requires detailed knowledge of the code, which is characteristic of white box testing. By evaluating the execution of code statements, this approach helps identify errors that might not be evident through behaviors observed from a user's perspective.

Other techniques, such as exploratory testing, decision table testing, and state transition testing, are considered black box methodologies. They concentrate more on the functionality and specifications of the software rather than its internal workings. Thus, statement testing stands out because it fundamentally relies on the internal logic and structure of the application to derive test cases, aligning it squarely within the white box testing framework.