Which options best describe characteristics of structure-based testing?

Structure-based testing, also known as white-box testing, focuses on the internal workings of the software. The correct answer accurately highlights that information about how the software is constructed is essential for deriving test cases. This method allows testers to understand all the paths and structures within the code, which is crucial for creating effective test cases.

Furthermore, characteristics like statement coverage and decision coverage are vital metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of the testing. These metrics assess how much of the code has been exercised by the test cases, which directly relates to the structural aspects of the software being tested. This means that testers can determine whether they have adequately tested the entire decision space and code statements, ensuring that no critical paths are left untested.

In contrast, the other choices incorporate elements such as the use of personal knowledge and experience, which do not represent the foundational characteristics of structure-based testing. While experience is important in testing, structure-based testing relies more on the code structure rather than individual insights or general models unless explicitly integrating them into a white-box context.