Which of the following is a structure-based (white-box) technique?

The choice identifying statement testing as a structure-based (white-box) technique is accurate because this approach involves examining the internal workings of the software. In statement testing, the objective is to ensure that each executable statement in the code has been executed at least once during testing. This technique is closely aligned with understanding the control structure of the program, making it a direct application of white-box testing principles.

White-box testing contrasts with black-box testing methods, which focus solely on the functionality of the software without any consideration of internal code structure. By analyzing the code directly, statement testing can help identify logical errors, unreachable code, and points of failure that might not be visible through black-box testing methods.

The other techniques listed are also valuable testing strategies but fall under different categories. Decision table testing and state transition testing are typically associated with black-box testing, as they deal with the software's response to various inputs and system states without direct reference to the underlying code structure. Boundary value analysis also focuses on the behavior of the software at the boundaries of input ranges, again taking a black-box perspective.