Which of the following describes structure-based (white-box) test case design techniques?

Structure-based testing, also known as white-box testing, focuses on the internal structure of the software code and how the program operates. This approach involves examining the actual code components, control flow, data flow, and the logic behind the implementation. By deriving test cases from the delivered code, testers ensure they effectively cover the execution paths, decision points, and other critical parts of the system's inner workings.

This method allows testers to create tests that validate the functionality and performance of the software at a granular level, ensuring that individual code units operate as expected and interact correctly with one another. This in-depth testing is essential for identifying hidden errors that may not be detectable using black-box testing techniques, which focus solely on the outputs generated from specific inputs without considering the code structure itself.

Additionally, structure-based testing techniques often involve using metrics and coverage analysis (for example, statement coverage or branch coverage) that rely on an understanding of the code’s configuration. Thus, the emphasis on the internal code base directly informs the creation of effective test cases.