Which of the following characteristics of good testing apply to any software development life cycle model?

The characteristic of good testing that applies to any software development life cycle model is that for every development activity, there is a corresponding testing activity. This principle emphasizes the integral relationship between development and testing processes. It ensures that testing is aligned with every phase of development, allowing for early detection of defects and promoting a higher quality product.

By having corresponding testing activities for each development phase, teams can establish a structured approach to identifying and addressing issues throughout the entire life cycle. This practice advocates for the idea that testing is not just a final stage but a continuous process that occurs alongside development. As a result, it fosters collaboration between developers and testers, enhancing overall product quality and facilitating smoother project progression.

In contrast, the other statements, while they may hold validity in certain contexts, do not universally apply to all software development life cycle models. Acceptance testing, for example, is traditionally seen as a final phase but may vary by methodology or project. Similarly, while planning for all test levels is important, it may not be feasible or necessary for every feature in every model. Lastly, while early involvement of testers is highly beneficial, it is not a requirement in every development approach. Thus, the chosen statement reflects a foundational concept of testing that is relevant across diverse methodologies.