Which of the following are static techniques?

Static techniques are methods used in software testing that examine the code, requirements, or design artifacts without executing the software itself. They are focused on detecting issues early in the software development lifecycle, which can often save time and resources later on.

Walkthroughs are a type of static technique that involves a step-by-step presentation of the software development materials, where team members review and discuss the artifacts being examined. The purpose is to identify issues or gain understanding without the need for executing the code. This peer review process is effective for finding early discrepancies or misunderstandings in requirements or code.

On the other hand, state transition testing, decision table testing, and statement testing are examples of dynamic testing techniques. These techniques require the software or its components to be executed to assess the behavior during different states, scenarios, or paths. They aim to validate the functionality and ensure that the application meets its requirements during runtime.

By understanding the nature of walkthroughs as an integral static technique, you can appreciate its role in fostering collaboration and early defect discovery in the software development process.