What is the difference between re-testing and regression testing?

The distinction between re-testing and regression testing is crucial in software testing and is effectively captured in the first choice. Re-testing involves executing the same test case again after defects have been corrected, ensuring that the specific issues have been resolved and that the intended functionality works as expected. This process is essential to confirm that the software now behaves correctly in the areas where faults were identified.

In contrast, regression testing serves a different purpose. It aims to verify that recent code changes, such as bug fixes or enhancements, have not adversely affected existing features or caused unexpected behaviors elsewhere in the application. This type of testing checks for unintended side effects that might occur due to changes made to the codebase, ensuring that new developments do not disrupt the functionality of previously tested features.

Understanding this difference is significant because it helps testers choose the right approach depending on what they aim to achieve: confirming that specific defects are resolved versus ensuring overall software stability and functionality after modifications.