What is static analysis?

Static analysis is a technique used to identify defects in software by examining the source code and software models without executing the program. This process involves the application of various tools and methodologies to analyze the underlying code structure, adherence to coding standards, and potential security vulnerabilities, all without running the software.

The primary benefit of static analysis is its ability to detect issues early in the development lifecycle, which can lead to cost savings and improved software quality. By identifying problems such as syntax errors, format discrepancies, and violations of coding conventions, developers can address them before the software is launched. This proactive approach to quality assurance helps ensure that the code is robust and maintainable.

In contrast, the other options mentioned relate to different aspects of software testing and development that do not align with the definition of static analysis. For example, the decision between test techniques (white or black box) pertains to the strategy used in dynamic testing, while executing software to validate common paths is related to dynamic execution methods to assess functionality. Additionally, system testing is typically concerned with testing the integrated software as a whole, rather than analyzing the code directly without execution.