What best describes inspection in a review process?

Inspection in a review process is best described as a formal review focused on finding defects. This type of review is structured and follows a predefined process, which includes specific roles, rules, and outcomes. The primary objective of an inspection is to identify and record defects in the subject of the review, which could involve software requirements, design, code, or any other deliverable.

During an inspection, participants are usually assigned specific roles, such as a moderator, author, and reviewers, to ensure that the process is systematic and thorough. The emphasis is placed on examining the material methodically to uncover issues, inconsistencies, and potential improvements. As a result, inspections play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of the product and reducing the cost of fixing defects later in the development process.

In contrast to informal reviews, inspections do not lack structure; they have specific goals aimed at defect identification rather than general feedback or suggestions. The process often requires thorough documentation of findings, which is essential for maintaining a clear record of identified defects and facilitating further analysis and improvements. Thus, the focus on defect detection and the formal nature of inspections separates them from other, less rigorous types of reviews.