In which testing approach is expected results derived from the design?

Model-based testing is a testing approach where expected results are derived from a model that represents the desired behavior of the system under test. This model can be a formal representation, such as state machines, finite state diagrams, or other types of diagrams that capture the specifications and requirements. By using this model, testers can generate test cases that reflect how the system should behave in various situations, ensuring that the expected outcomes are aligned with the model's design.

In this approach, the focus is on analyzing the model to derive test cases that provide coverage across various paths and scenarios. This structured way of testing allows for consistent and repeatable testing processes, as the model serves as a reference point for expected results.