In software testing, what does the term 'test case' refer to?

The term 'test case' in software testing specifically refers to a set of conditions or variables that are outlined to determine whether a particular feature or functionality of the software is operating correctly. A test case typically includes specific inputs, the execution process, expected results, and actual results. By defining these conditions, testers can systematically assess the application to ensure it meets the desired requirements and behaves as intended under various scenarios.

This definition focuses on the structured approach to validating software functionality, which is critical for identifying issues and ensuring quality. Each test case is designed to cover specific functionality, making it an essential tool for both manual and automated testing processes.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of software testing or project management. While the end-user experience is important, it is generally captured through user stories or usability testing rather than specific test cases. Risk assessment documents are concerned with identifying and managing potential problems in a project and do not directly relate to individual tests. Finally, reports detailing software errors and faults gather results and observations after testing has occurred, which is fundamentally different from the proactive definition and purpose of a test case used during the testing process.